Which fallacy involves using double standards to justify an argument?

The fallacy that involves using double standards to justify an argument is known as Special Pleading. This fallacy occurs when someone applies a particular standard, principle, or rule to one situation but fails to apply the same standard to a different situation that is comparable. In essence, it involves making an exception for oneself or one's argument without adequate justification, thereby undermining the consistency and integrity of the argument.

For example, if someone argues that rules should apply to everyone except for themselves or their specific situation, they would be engaging in special pleading. This inconsistency highlights a form of bias or selective reasoning, as the person is trying to protect their argument or situation by exempting it from the general principles they have established.

Understanding special pleading is crucial because it emphasizes the importance of consistency in reasoning and the potential pitfalls of using arbitrary exceptions to argue a point.